Comments for 4mrcp.com http://4mrcp.com .....Pass your MRCP exams with us..... Fri, 30 Oct 2009 20:41:12 +0000 hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.2.1 Comment on METABOLIC ALKALOSIS by Magoda http://4mrcp.com/?p=919&cpage=1#comment-6772 Magoda Fri, 30 Oct 2009 20:41:12 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=919#comment-6772 In pure metabolic alkalosis, every 1 mEq/L increase in serum bicarbonate should result in a compensatory rise in Pco2 of 0.6mm Hg. This increase in CO2 should occur very quickly, and if more or less than 0.6 you to think of an associated respiratory abnormality. In pure metabolic alkalosis, every 1 mEq/L increase in serum bicarbonate should result in a compensatory rise in Pco2 of 0.6mm Hg. This increase in CO2 should occur very quickly, and if more or less than 0.6 you to think of an associated respiratory abnormality.

]]> Comment on METABOLIC ALKALOSIS by Radwa http://4mrcp.com/?p=919&cpage=1#comment-6771 Radwa Thu, 29 Oct 2009 10:37:12 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=919#comment-6771 Liddle’s syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis. caused by sodium channels disorder in the distal tubules leading to increased reabsorption of sodium and potassium excretion.Treatment is with either amiloride or triamterene Liddle’s syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by hypertension and hypokalaemic alkalosis. caused by sodium channels disorder in the distal tubules leading to increased reabsorption of sodium and potassium excretion.Treatment is with either amiloride or triamterene

]]> Comment on Causes of hypercalcaemia by Naar http://4mrcp.com/?p=99&cpage=1#comment-6769 Naar Tue, 27 Oct 2009 09:18:05 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=99#comment-6769 Causes of primary hyperparathyroidism • 80%: parathyroid solitary adenoma • 15%: parathyroid hyperplasia • 4%: parathyroid multiple adenoma • 1%: parathyroid carcinoma Causes of primary hyperparathyroidism

• 80%: parathyroid solitary adenoma

• 15%: parathyroid hyperplasia

• 4%: parathyroid multiple adenoma

• 1%: parathyroid carcinoma

]]> Comment on Causes of hypercalcaemia by Magoda http://4mrcp.com/?p=99&cpage=1#comment-6768 Magoda Tue, 27 Oct 2009 09:09:54 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=99#comment-6768 <p>In Post hyperparathyroidectomy.. we must give the patient vitamin D to avoid hypocalcemia and tetany.</p> In Post hyperparathyroidectomy.. we must give the patient vitamin D to avoid hypocalcemia and tetany.

]]> Comment on Hepatitis C by Nada http://4mrcp.com/?p=896&cpage=1#comment-6767 Nada Tue, 27 Oct 2009 07:54:42 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=896#comment-6767 Interferon -alpha   Interferons (IFN) are cytokines released by leucocytes in response to <strong><em>viral infections</em></strong> and <strong><em>neoplasia</em></strong> • antiviral action useful in hepatitis B & C, Anti-neoplasia actions as in: Kaposi's sarcoma, metastatic renal cell cancer, hairy cell leukaemia   • Side effects: flu-like symptoms and depression Interferon -alpha
 
Interferons (IFN) are cytokines released by leucocytes in response to viral infections and neoplasia •
antiviral action useful in hepatitis B & C,
Anti-neoplasia actions as in: Kaposi’s sarcoma, metastatic renal cell cancer, hairy cell leukaemia
 
• Side effects: flu-like symptoms and depression

]]> Comment on Causes of Chronic Liver Disease by Sorat http://4mrcp.com/?p=860&cpage=1#comment-6765 Sorat Mon, 26 Oct 2009 21:59:35 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=860#comment-6765 <p> <span lang="en-US"><strong>Alcoholic hepatitis</strong></span></p> <p><span lang="en-US">History of drinking, presence of spider naevi and other signs of chronic liver disease "as above". </span>AST:ALT ratio >2 and <span lang="en-US">resolution with alcohol abstinence.</span></p>  Alcoholic hepatitis

History of drinking, presence of spider naevi and other signs of chronic liver disease “as above”. AST:ALT ratio >2 and resolution with alcohol abstinence.

]]> Comment on Causes of Chronic Liver Disease by Magoda http://4mrcp.com/?p=860&cpage=1#comment-6764 Magoda Mon, 26 Oct 2009 18:55:07 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=860#comment-6764 <p> <strong>Risk factors of Hepatocellular carcinoma</strong></p> <ol> <li> <p>Hepatitis B and C</p> </li> <li> <p>Cirrhosis: “alcohol, haemochromatosis, primary biliary cirrhosis” all except wilson’s disease.</p> </li> <li> <p>Drugs: oral contraceptive pill, anabolic steroids</p> </li> <li> <p>Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</p> </li> <li> <p>Hereditary tyrosinosis</p> </li> <li> <p>Porphyria cutanea tarda</p> </li> <li> <p>Glycogen storage disease</p> </li> <li> <p>Aflatoxin</p> </li> </ol>  Risk factors of Hepatocellular carcinoma

  1. Hepatitis B and C

  2. Cirrhosis: “alcohol, haemochromatosis, primary biliary cirrhosis” all except wilson’s disease.

  3. Drugs: oral contraceptive pill, anabolic steroids

  4. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

  5. Hereditary tyrosinosis

  6. Porphyria cutanea tarda

  7. Glycogen storage disease

  8. Aflatoxin

]]> Comment on Causes of Chronic Liver Disease by Saady http://4mrcp.com/?p=860&cpage=1#comment-6763 Saady Sat, 24 Oct 2009 21:27:50 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=860#comment-6763 Signs of chronic liver disease: Clubbing Leukonychia Palmer erythema Dupytren contracture Astrexis Juindice Pallor Xantholasma Parotid enlargment Fetor hepaticus Bruising & Ecchymosis Spider nevi Gynecomastia Loss of body hair (males) Ascitis Scratch marks Caput medosa Spleenomegaly Liver may be enlarged or cirrhotic Testicular atrophy Lower limb edema Signs of chronic liver disease:
Clubbing
Leukonychia
Palmer erythema
Dupytren contracture
Astrexis
Juindice
Pallor
Xantholasma
Parotid enlargment
Fetor hepaticus
Bruising & Ecchymosis
Spider nevi
Gynecomastia
Loss of body hair (males)
Ascitis
Scratch marks
Caput medosa
Spleenomegaly
Liver may be enlarged or cirrhotic
Testicular atrophy
Lower limb edema

]]> Comment on Causes of Chronic Liver Disease by Magoda http://4mrcp.com/?p=860&cpage=1#comment-6762 Magoda Sat, 24 Oct 2009 21:19:31 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=860#comment-6762 Stigmata of Chronic Liver Disease: 1. spider nevi 2. palmar erythema 3. jundice 4. gynecomastia 5. ascitis 6. encephalopathy 7. asterixis ( flapping tremor ) Stigmata of Chronic Liver Disease:

1. spider nevi
2. palmar erythema
3. jundice
4. gynecomastia
5. ascitis
6. encephalopathy
7. asterixis ( flapping tremor )

]]> Comment on Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis by Rajy http://4mrcp.com/?p=851&cpage=1#comment-6761 Rajy Sat, 24 Oct 2009 19:33:27 +0000 http://4mrcp.com/?p=851#comment-6761 <p>Gallstones is more common in patients with crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis</p> Gallstones is more common in patients with crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis

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